Indigenous Cyprus Cattle is a biodiversity conservation project that aims to safeguard the endangered indigenous cattle breed of Cyprus through the study of its genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogenetic characteristics. As the island’s only native cattle breed, adapted over thousands of years to the local Mediterranean environment, the breed represents a unique genetic resource of significant ecological, agricultural, and cultural value. The project involved the collection and analysis of biological samples from animals across Cyprus to establish the first genetic database and develop protocols for future genetic monitoring and conservation efforts. By generating scientific knowledge on the breed’s genetic status, the project supports its long-term preservation, promotes sustainable extensive grazing practices, and contributes to the conservation of Cyprus’s agricultural heritage and biodiversity.